PHP Operators

PHP Operators

This chapter shows the different operators that can be used in PHP scripts.

1. PHP Arithmetic Operators
2. PHP Assignment Operators
3. PHP String Operators
4. PHP Increment / Decrement Operators
5. PHP Comparison Operators
6. PHP Logical Operators
7. PHP Array Operators

PHP Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Name	Example	Result
+	Addition	$x + $y	Sum of $x and $y
-	Subtraction	$x - $y	Difference of $x and $y
*	Multiplication	$x * $y	Product of $x and $y
/	Division	$x / $y	Quotient of $x and $y
%	Modulus	$x % $y	Remainder of $x divided by $y

PHP Assignment Operators

The PHP assignment operators is used to write a value to a variable.

The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=". It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.

Assignment	Same as...	Description
x = y	x = y	The left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right
x += y	x = x + y	Addition
x -= y	x = x - y	Subtraction
x *= y	x = x * y	Multiplication
x /= y	x = x / y	Division
x %= y	x = x % y	Modulus

PHP String Operators

Operator	Name	Example	Result
.	Concatenation	$txt1 = "Hello" $txt2 = $txt1 . " world!"	Now $txt2 contains "Hello world!"
.=	Concatenation assignment	$txt1 = "Hello" $txt1 .= " world!"	Now $txt1 contains "Hello world!"

PHP Increment / Decrement Operators

Operator	Name	Description
++$x	Pre-increment	Increments $x by one, then returns $x
$x++	Post-increment	Returns $x, then increments $x by one
--$x	Pre-decrement	Decrements $x by one, then returns $x
$x--	Post-decrement	Returns $x, then decrements $x by one

PHP Comparison Operators

The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
==	Equal	$x == $y	True if $x is equal to $y
===	Identical	$x === $y	True if $x is equal to $y, and they are of the same type
!=	Not equal	$x != $y	True if $x is not equal to $y
<>	Not equal	$x <> $y	True if $x is not equal to $y
!==	Not identical	$x !== $y	True if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type
>	Greater than	$x > $y	True if $x is greater than $y
<	Less than	$x < $y	True if $x is less than $y
>=	Greater than or equal to	$x >= $y	True if $x is greater than or equal to $y
<=	Less than or equal to	$x <= $y	True if $x is less than or equal to $y

PHP Logical Operators

Operator	Name	Example	Result
and	And	$x and $y	True if both $x and $y are true
or	Or	$x or $y	True if either $x or $y is true
xor	Xor	$x xor $y	True if either $x or $y is true, but not both
&&	And	$x && $y	True if both $x and $y are true
||	Or	$x || $y	True if either $x or $y is true
!	Not	!$x	True if $x is not true

PHP Array Operators

The PHP array operators are used to compare arrays.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
+	Union	$x + $y	Union of $x and $y (but duplicate keys are not overwritten)
==	Equality	$x == $y	True if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs
===	Identity	$x === $y	True if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types
!=	Inequality	$x != $y	True if $x is not equal to $y
<>	Inequality	$x <> $y	True if $x is not equal to $y
!==	Non-identity	$x !== $y	True if $x is not identical to $y